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This page is about the sitcom. For other meanings, see Seinfeld (disambiguation).
{{Infobox Television | | show_name = Seinfeld |
| image = ]|
| format = [Situation comedy |
| runtime = 21 Minutes (syndication),22 Minutes (original) |
| creator = [Larry David
[Jerry Seinfeld |
| starring = [Jerry Seinfeld
[Jason Alexander
[Julia Louis-Dreyfus
[Michael Richards |
| executive_producer = [Fred Barron
[Larry David
[Ben A. Scott
[Howard West
[George Shapiro
[Andrew Scheinman
[Jerry Seinfeld (Seasons 8-9)
| country = {{USA-->
| network = [NBC |
| first_aired = July 5, [ |
| last_aired =
May 14, [ |
num_episodes = [List of Seinfeld episodes (including two-part episodes)
| website = http://www.seinfeld.com/
| imdb_id = 0098904 |
| tv_com_id = 112 |
|-->
Seinfeld is an
Emmy Award-winning, United States situation comedy that originally aired on
NBC from July 5,
1989, to May 14, 1998, running a total of 9 seasons. Many of its
catchphrases have entered into the pop culture lexicon. The show led the Nielsen Ratings in its sixth and ninth seasons, and finished among the top two (along with
ER (TV series)) every year from 1994 to 1998.
The series was created by
Larry David and
Jerry Seinfeld, with the latter starring as an eponymous fictionalized version of himself: see Jerry Seinfeld (character). Set predominantly in an apartment block on
New York City's
Upper West Side, the show features a host of Jerry's friends and acquaintances, including
George Louis Costanza (
Jason Alexander),
Elaine Marie Benes (Julia Louis-Dreyfus) and Cosmo Kramer (
Michael Richards).
Seinfeld was produced by
Castle Rock Entertainment, (which
Warner Bros. owns), and distributed by Columbia Pictures Television and Columbia TriStar Television (now Sony Pictures Television).
Seinfeld was largely co-written by David and Seinfeld, with later input from numerous script writers, including Larry Charles,
Peter Mehlman, Gregg Kavet,
Andy Robin, Carol Leifer,
David Mandel, Jeff Schaffer,
Steve Koren,
Jennifer Crittenden, Tom Gammill and Max Pross, Charlie Rubin, Alec Berg and Spike Feresten. In 2002, TV Guide named
Seinfeld as the greatest American television program of all time.
Overview
Seinfeld was pitched, like the self-parodying "show within a show" of season four, as a "show about nothing". It is a show about four friends and their misadventures in the upper west side of Manhattan.
Seinfeld stood out from the typical family- or coworker-driven TV Situation comedys of its time. None of the principal
Seinfeld characters were related by blood or worked together. Unlike most sitcoms, its episodes didn't revolve around central dramatic events or contrived comic situations; instead, the plots focused on real life
minutiae—such as waiting in line at the movies, going out for dinner, or buying a suit.
, a diner at 112th St. and
Broadway (New York City) in Manhattan, referred to as Monk's Cafe in the show. Google Street View Starting in the first season, the show would begin with clips of Jerry Seinfeld delivering a
stand-up comedy routine, set in a club. The theme of his act tied to the plot of each episode. This device sometimes revealed where Jerry got his material and deliberately blurred the distinction between the Jerry Seinfeld actor and his character, the fictional comedian. (Some episodes do suggest that he does play his fictional self while doing his comedy.) Originally, the clips bookended the episodes, as well as functioning as cutscenes during the show. After season three, the cutscenes in the middle of the episodes became less common; after season five, the clips that ended the shows also became less common; and after season seven, the clips were discontinued. The show's main characters, and many secondary or one-shot characters, were modeled after Seinfeld's and David's real-life acquaintances. Other recurring characters were based on well-known, real-life counterparts, such as the
The Soup Nazi#The Soup Nazi (based on
Soup Kitchen International manager Al Yeganeh),
Jacopo Peterman of the J. Peterman catalogue (nominally based on
John Peterman), and New York Yankees owner
George Steinbrenner.
In most
Seinfeld episodes, one story thread is presented at the beginning, involving the characters in separate and unrelated situations. Rapid scene shifts between story lines move the action forward. Eventually, some or all of the separate story lines converge—often unexpectedly. Despite the separate plot strands, the narratives reveal "consistent efforts to maintain intimacy" between the small cast of characters.
The show kept a strong sense of
continuity (fiction)—characters and plots from past episodes were frequently referenced or expanded upon. Occasionally, storylines would span multiple episodes and even entire seasons.
Larry David, the show's head writer and executive producer for the first seven seasons, was celebrated for keeping a close eye on minor details and making sure the main characters' lives remained consistent and believable. He would later make use of season-long story arcs in his next series,
Curb Your Enthusiasm.
The show stood apart from other sitcoms of the time for not centering on the characters learning moral lessons. In effect, the characters are often morally indifferent or callous, though nonetheless hilarious. For instance, in the episode "The Sponge" Jerry worries that the woman he is dating is "too good".
Seinfeld never explored dramatic themes in episodes, despite the often tragic events that occurred, including the deaths of characters. Jason Alexander has stated that he felt that
Seinfeld was a very dark show about very dark people, but done with such a likable cast, makes the show almost light-hearted.
Main characters
- Jerry Seinfeld (character) (Jerry Seinfeld)—Jerry is the show's "passive central player". He is "able to observe the chaos around him but not always be a part of it." In the show, Jerry made a living as a stand-up comedian. Plot lines often involve List of Seinfeld girlfriends—he typically found "stupid reasons to break up" with women. According to Elaine, this happened "every week". While seemingly the normal one, his character's neuroses revealed itself in his obsessive cleanliness and steadfast immaturity.
- George Costanza (Jason Alexander)—Based on the series' co-creator, Larry David, George is neurotic and self-loathing. Paranoid, selfish, abrasive, frugal, a flagrant coward, and an expert liar, George was once succinctly described by Elaine as a "short, stocky, slow-witted, bald man." George is arguably the show's most amoral character while still being one of its most lovable. He has been best friends with Jerry since middle school.
- Elaine Benes (Julia Louis-Dreyfus)—Intelligent and assertive, but superficial and short-tempered, Elaine is frequently fate's victim. She often gets caught up in her boyfriends' machinations, her eccentric employers' arbitrary demands, and the unkindness of total strangers. She used to date Jerry, and remained his close friend. One of Elaine's trademark maneuvers is her forceful shove when she got good or shocking news, sometimes using the catch phrase "get out!". She is seen as the intellectual stronghold of the group of friends.
- Cosmo Kramer (Michael Richards)—Kramer was the archetypal "wacky neighbor" and Jerry's friend. His trademarks include: his humorous upright bouffant hairstyle and vintage wardrobe; his energetic sliding bursts through Jerry's apartment door; his assortment of comic pratfalls; and his penchant for nonsensical, percussive outbursts of noise to indicate alarm, scepticism, agreement, or annoyance. Elaine summed him up as a 'hipster doofus'. He never seems to have held a 'real' job, yet he has a stable unknown source of income. Although Kramer was one of the show's more fascinating characters, he is the only one who never got an internal monologue, possibly because he was the only one who always spoke his mind.
Minor characters
There were numerous recurring minor characters in
Seinfeld. The most prominent were:
- Newman (Seinfeld) (played by Wayne Knight)—An overweight postal worker who serves as Kramer's accomplice and Jerry's nemesis, Newman was a neighbor of both (Apartment 5E) and noted for his excessive overeating. In a running parody of two, bitter, film noir adversaries, when Jerry and Newman met, Jerry typically scowled and quipped, "Hello, Newman"—and Newman responded with a devilish smirk and "Hello, Jerry." In some episodes, Newman went out of his way to make Jerry's life miserable. Although most of the characters are shy of morals, Newman is considered to be the real villain of the series. His first name is never revealed. He was the most frequently recurring male character from his first appearance in the show's third season, all the way through the last episode.
- Susan Ross (played by Heidi Swedberg)—George's (late) fiancée and a former NBC executive. She also briefly experimented with lesbianism. She tried to fit in with Elaine and her friends but couldn't deal with their overbearing chatter. She constantly questioned George and Elaine about whether or not they had an affair. She died from envelope glue poisoning. She was the most frequently recurring female character in Seasons 4 and 7, and had a cameo role in the season 9 episode titled "The Betrayal," the backwards episode.
- Frank Costanza (originally played by John Randolph (actor) but most commonly played by Jerry Stiller) and Estelle Costanza (played by Estelle Harris)—George's eccentric parents. George credited them with his current mental state and failure to succeed in life. They are known for their violent tempers, often leading to yelling. George's parents are seen from Season 4 to Season 9.
- Morty Seinfeld (originally played by Phil Bruns, but most commonly played by Barney Martin) and Helen Seinfeld (played by Liz Sheridan)—Jerry's parents. Morty was famous for obstinately sticking to his convictions; Helen couldn't understand why anyone wouldn't like her son Jerry. They were convinced of Jerry's poverty and never let him pay for anything. (Morty once tried to pay for Jerry's dinner, despite the fact that he didn't have his wallet.) These two characters are thought to be based on Jerry Seinfeld's parents. They can be seen in all seasons on occasions.
- Uncle Leo (played by Len Lesser)—Jerry's uncle and Helen's brother. He personified the eccentric old man and frequently belittled Jerry with comparisons to his own purportedly successful son. He usually greeted Jerry by saying, "Jerry! Hellooo!", while Jerry responded awkwardly, "Hello Uncle Leo...". He is seen in Seasons 2 to Seasons 9 on occasions.
- David Puddy (played by Patrick Warburton)—Elaine's on-again-off-again boyfriend. He was a competent auto mechanic, but also an airhead with numerous quirks. He is known for his short, unapologetic delivery and unflinching assuredness. He can be seen in Seasons 6 and 9.
- Jacopo Peterman (played by John O'Hurley)—One of Elaine's eccentric bosses. Peterman owned the The J. Peterman Company apparel company, whose catalog Elaine worked on. Using the florid style of a treasure hunter, he typically rambled about his journeys to exotic locations in search of unique clothing. He can be seen in Season 6 to 9.
- George Steinbrenner (voiced by Larry David, played by Lee Bear, who was only ever seen from behind)—George's boss and owner of the New York Yankees. Steinbrenner's face was never shown. He was parodied for his arrogance and lack of touch with the realities of running of a baseball team. In edited scenes, the real George Steinbrenner made a cameo appearance and went out with Elaine. The scenes were cut due to time and can be seen in the 7th season DVD. He can be seen in the finale of Season 5 to 9.
- Jackie Chiles (played by Phil Morris)—Kramer's lawyer. He had a secretary named Suzy and set up appointments for his clients with an unseen "Dr. Bison." He also spoke with a rapid fire delivery and tended to overuse adjectives like 'preposterous' and 'outrageous'. Chiles was a caricature of the late Johnnie Cochran. He can be seen in Seasons 7 to 9.
Plot
Seinfeld violated several of the conventions of mainstream television. The show, which (correctly or not) is often described as "about nothing", became the first television series since Monty Python to be widely described as postmodern. Several elements of
Seinfeld fit in with a postmodern interpretation. The show typically is driven humorously by dispersed superficial conflict and characters with strange dispositions.
The characters were "thirty-something singles ... with no roots, vague identities, and conscious indifference to morals." Usual conventions, such as isolating the characters from the actors playing them and separating the characters' world from that of the actors and audience, were broken. One example is the
story arc in which the characters promote a television sitcom series named
Jerry.
Jerry was much like
Seinfeld in that Seinfeld played himself, and that the show was "about nothing".
Jerry was launched in the 1993 season four finale, though unlike
Seinfeld, it was not picked up into a series.
Many episodes revolved around the characters becoming involved in the lives of others to typically disastrous results. However, regardless of the damage they caused, they never gained anything from the experience and continued to be selfish, egocentric people. On the set, the notion that the characters should not develop or improve throughout the series was expressed as the "no hugging, no learning" rule. This quote is almost referenced in an episode ("
The Secret Code") where Kramer says to Jerry, "Well the important thing is, you learned something", to which Jerry replies, "No I didn't."
The
Seinfeld community can draw on a large amount of in-
slang, "a lexicon of Running gags in Seinfeld, that evolved around particular episodes".
Evolution
Seasons 1-3: The early years
The show premiered as
The Seinfeld Chronicles on Thursday, May 31,
1990 on National Broadcasting Corporation. The show was not an immediate success. After the
television pilot was shown, on July 5,
1989, a pickup by the NBC network did not seem likely and the show was actually offered to
Fox Broadcasting Company, which declined to pick it up. However, Rick Ludwin, head of late night and special events for NBC, diverted money from his budget, and the next four episodes: "
Male-Unbonding (Seinfeld episode)," "The Stakeout (Seinfeld episode)," "The Robbery (Seinfeld episode)," and "
The Stock Tip (Seinfeld episode)" were filmed. These 1990 episodes were highly-rated as they followed Cheers on Thursdays at 9:30. At one point,
National Broadcasting Corporation considered airing these episodes on Saturdays at 10:30 but fortunately gave that slot to the short-lived sitcom,
FM (TV series).
Seinfeld was championed by television critics in its early seasons, even as it had yet to cultivate a substantial audience. (Most don't remember the "top five" rankings of the 1990 summer episodes.) The series was generally seen as steadily improving over the course of its first four seasons. Although the first three seasons weren't popular during their original airings, through syndication and DVD releases they contain arguably some of the most popular episodes, such as "The Chinese Restaurant (Seinfeld episode)", "
The Revenge (Seinfeld episode)", "
The Phone Message", "The Pony Remark", "The Parking Garage", "The Tape", "The Red Dot", "
The Stranded","The Subway (Seinfeld episode)", "The Deal (Seinfeld episode)", "
The Pez Dispenser", and "The Boyfriend.". The early episodes tend to be more realistic than the later ones, dealing with the minutiae of daily life, such as getting stuck on the subway or in a Chinese restaurant.
Seasons 4-5: Seinfeld's prime
Season 4 marked the sitcom's entrance into the
Nielsen Ratings Top 30, coinciding with a handful of high-profile episodes, such as "The Bubble Boy (Seinfeld episode)", "The Outing","The Airport", and "
The Junior Mint". This was also the first season to use a story arc, which was Jerry and George creating their own sitcom,
Jerry.
Much publicity followed the controversial "
The Contest", an Emmy Award-winning episode written by co-creator Larry David, whose subject matter (masturbation) was considered inappropriate for primetime network television. To circumvent this taboo, the word "masturbation" was never used in the script itself, instead substituted by a variety of oblique references. Midway through that season
Seinfeld was moved from its original 9 p.m. time slot on Wednesdays to 9:30 p.m. on Thursdays, following
Cheers (TV series), which gave the show even more popularity. The show won the Emmy Award for
Outstanding Comedy Series in 1993, beating out its family-oriented competitor Home Improvement, which at the time was a big hit for NBC's rival
American Broadcasting Company.
Season 5 was also a hit season as it contained many popular episodes such as "The Mango", "The Puffy Shirt", "
The Lip Reader (Seinfeld episode)", "
The Marine Biologist", "The Hamptons (Seinfeld episode)", "
The Opposite" and many more. Another story arc was used where George returns to live with his parents for the entire season. This was also the first season to be shown on the 9 p.m. time slot on Thursdays, replacing
Cheers. The show was again nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series, but lost to the Cheers spin-off Frasier, which was only in its first season. Seinfeld was nominated for the same award every year for the rest of its run but would keep losing to Frasier.
Seasons 6-7: Maintaining the top
Season 6 found the show changing directors (
Andy Ackerman replacing Tom Cherones) and quickening its pace, to the displeasure of some. Even so, the series remained well-regarded and produced some of its most famous shows, such as "
The Fusilli Jerry (Seinfeld episode)", "The Chinese Woman", "
The Jimmy (Seinfeld episode)", "
The Face Painter (Seinfeld episode)", and "The Switch" which finally revealed Kramer's first name, Cosmo. A story arc for this season was Elaine working for the eccentric Mr.
Justin Pitt. This was also the first season in which
Seinfeld landed at #1 on the Nielsen ratings.
Season 7 was according to the cast, crew and many critics, when the series fully returned to form. Another story arc was introduced in which George became engaged to former girlfriend Susan Ross, whose life he had derailed a few seasons back. He spends most of the season regretting the engagement and trying to get out of it. Garnering its highest ratings yet,
Seinfeld went on to produce some of its most famous episodes—namely "
The Soup Nazi (Seinfeld episode)". There was also "
The Hot Tub", "
The Maestro", "The Secret Code", "
The Calzone", "
The Sponge (Seinfeld episode)", "
The Wig Master", "
The Invitations", and "The Rye (Seinfeld episode)".
Seasons 8-9: Without Larry David
The show's ratings were still going very strong in its final two seasons (8 and 9), but its critical standing suffered. Larry David left at the end of season 7, although he continued to voice Steinbrenner, so Seinfeld assumed David's duties as showrunner, and, under the direction of a new writing staff,
Seinfeld became more of a fast-paced, absurdist show. The humor began to rely heavily on slapstick, and storylines occasionally delved into pure fantasy like "The Bizarro Jerry" when Elaine is torn between exact opposites of her friends. Still, the eighth season episodes remain strong; some notable episodes are "
The Little Kicks" showing Elaine's horrible dancing, "The Yada Yada" "
The Chicken Roaster", "The Pothole", "
The Comeback", and "
The Muffin Tops".
As in season 8, season 9 storylines also occasionally delved into pure fantasy, such as George re-creating the Frogger gameplay in "The Frogger." Season 9 includes many favorites, such as "The Merv Griffin Show (Seinfeld episode)", "The Dealership", "The Slicer", "
The Betrayal" (the backwards episode), "
The Puerto Rican Day" and "
The Finale".
Ending
in 1998.
Hype
After nine years on the air, Jerry Seinfeld announced on December 26, 1997, that the series would end production the following spring. The announcement made the front page of all the major New York newspapers, including the
New York Times. Jerry Seinfeld was even featured on the cover of
Time (magazine) magazine's first issue of 1998.
The series ended with a 75-minute episode (cut down to 60 minutes in
syndication, in two parts) written by returning co-creator and former executive producer
Larry David, which aired on
May 14, 1998. Before the finale a one-hour retrospective and clip show aired which included memorable scenes from the show's past nine seasons.
It also was the first episode since the seventh season to feature opening and closing stand-up acts by Jerry Seinfeld. The finale was filmed in front of an audience of NBC executives and additional friends of the show. The press and the public were shut out of the filming for the sake of keeping its plot secret, and all who attended the finale signed written "vows of silence". The secrecy only seemed to increase speculation on how the series would end. Some suggested Jerry and Elaine would marry, and more cynical fans favored Julia Louis-Dreyfus's suggestion that the foursome die in a car accident after all their wishes come true. The producers of the show tweaked the media about the hype, spreading a false rumor about Newman ending up in the hospital and Jerry and Elaine sitting in a chapel, presumably to marry.
The episode aired on the same day that
Frank Sinatra died, and its airing may have been somewhat overshadowed by this event, but nonetheless it enjoyed a huge audience (
see List of most-watched television episodes), estimated at 76 million viewers (58% of all viewers that night). This makes the episode the third most watched finale in television history, but received mixed reviews from both critics and fans of the show. The actual finale poked fun at the many rumors that were circulating, seeming to move into several supposed plots before settling on its true storyline—a lengthy trial in which Jerry, George, Elaine and Kramer are prosecuted for lack of humanity, and are sentenced to one year in jail. The last conversation in this final episode repeats the very first conversation from the pilot episode, discussing the positioning of a button on George's shirt. In the finale, the characters vaguely recall having the conversation before.
Jerry Seinfeld holds both the record for the "most money refused" according to the Guinness Book of World Records by refusing an offer to continue the show for $5 million per episode, and another record for the Highest Ever Annual Earnings For A TV Actor. The show itself held the record for the Highest Television Advertising Rates until 2004, when the final episode of
Friends aired.
Awards
The show topped TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time in 2002, was #2 in Entertainment Weekly's 100 Greatest TV Shows of all Time, and placed two characters in TV Guide's List of the 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time (George at #10, Kramer at #35) in 1999. The four members of the main cast shared the #6 position on A&E Network's all-time TV character list. It was so influential in the '90s popular culture, it came in first in E!'s 2004 countdown of
101 Reasons the '90s Ruled. For its impact, the show won countless awards throughout the decade, winning 10 Emmy Awards and being nominated every year of its run. In January 2006 Britain's
Channel 4 polled British comedians, TV critics, comedy actors and sitcom writers to find the 'Ultimate Sitcom'.
Seinfeld came in 3rd, showing its high regard overseas. In 2007, the show was featured on
TIME magazine's list of the "100 Best TV Shows of All Time."
DVD releases
In 2004, a deal was negotiated to make
Seinfeld available on DVD for the first time. Due to legal problems with the cast involving episode commentaries and other DVD extras, the release was pushed back. The first three seasons were released on
November 23,
2004 and Season 4 was released on
May 17,
2005. Season 5 and Season 6 were released on November 22, 2005. Season 7 was released on November 21,
2006 and Season 8 was released on June 5,
2007. Season 9 is going to be released on November 6, 2007.
Life after Seinfeld
The "
Seinfeld curse"
Alexander, Dreyfus and Richards have attempted unsuccessfully to launch new sitcoms as title-role characters. Despite decent acclaim and even some respectable ratings, almost every show was canceled quickly, usually within the first season. This has given rise to the term "
Seinfeld curse" to describe sitcom failure by an actor following massive success on an ensemble show. Shows specifically cited regarding the
Seinfeld curse are Jason Alexander's
Bob Patterson (TV series) and
Listen Up!, Michael Richards'
The Michael Richards Show, and Julia Louis-Dreyfus'
Watching Ellie. This phenomenon was mocked in Larry David's hit HBO show
Curb Your Enthusiasm, in which Larry David brings up the idea to Jason Alexander that he should do a show about Alexander's inability to shake the 'George' title in order to move on with his career. When David and Alexander begin feuding in the show, Larry David takes the idea to Julia Louis-Dreyfus. They plan to begin working on a show called "Aren't you Evelyn?" but after Larry David blows their chances with every network they meet, Julia gets sick of wasting her time and bows out of the idea.
Since the end of the program, Alexander has acted in film, theater and television, including guest appearances on Larry David's HBO series
Curb Your Enthusiasm. Louis-Dreyfus also appeared on "
Curb" and has received on-screen and voice credits in television (such as
Arrested Development (TV series)) and animated film. Louis-Dreyfus is starring in the CBS sitcom
The New Adventures of Old Christine, which debuted in March 2006 to strong ratings and has been consistent ever since. The show was also renewed for a second season. Its 35 episodes make it the longest running show starring a
Seinfeld alumnus since
Seinfeld ended. Louis-Dreyfus also received an Emmy Award for lead actress in a comedy series for her role as Christine. In her acceptance speech, Louis-Dreyfus held up her award and exclaimed, "I’m not somebody who really believes in curses, but curse this, baby!" The "
Seinfeld curse" was discussed in the opening of
Saturday Night Live episode on May 13, 2006, hosted by Louis-Dreyfus. The show was also renewed for its third season, and will return as a midseason replacement, through the 2007-08 season. Alexander and Seinfeld also appeared in this episode of
SNL. Richards continues to appear in new film and television work as well. In November 2006, controversy arose concerning List of ethnic slurss Richards shouted at black
hecklers during a live comedy show. He apologized for his statements a few days later by means of a telecast on David Letterman's talkshow on the request of Jerry Seinfeld.
"It's so completely idiotic.... It's very hard to have a successful sitcom," Larry David once said of the curse. Most new sitcoms do not enjoy the success of hits like
Seinfeld, though David's
Curb Your Enthusiasm went on to win Emmy Awards; the series relied on his signature humor, embodied in the
Seinfeld character of George.
Patrick Warburton, who played David Puddy, was also hit by the curse when his superhero-themed show,
The Tick, was canceled after just one season. However, he has found success in voice acting. His repertoire includes the voice of
Joe Swanson in
Family Guy, the title character of
Buzz Lightyear of Star Command, Steve Barkin in
Kim Possible, the Wolf in
Hoodwinked, and Kronk in
The Emperor's New Groove,
Kronk's New Groove, and the
The Emperor's New School. Lately, he can be seen on ABC's show
Less Than Perfect as Jeb Denton, and on Adult Swim's
The Venture Brothers as
Brock Samson. Since
February 5,
2007 he stars in a new series,
Rules of Engagement (TV series).
Consumer products
A recurring feature of
Seinfeld was its use of specific products, especially
candy, as plot points. These might be a central feature of a plot (e.g.
Junior Mints, Twix,
Jujyfruits,
Snickers,
Nestlé Chunky,
Oh Henry! and PEZ), or an association of a candy with a guest character (e.g.
Oh Henry! bars), or simply a conversational aside (e.g.
Chuckles). Non-candy products featured in
Seinfeld include Rold Gold (whose advertisements at the time featured Jason Alexander), Kenny Rogers Roasters (a chicken restaurant chain),
Oreo Cookies, Ben & Jerry's, H&H Bagels,
Drake's, Pepsi,
Mello Yello, Bosco Chocolate Syrup,
Cadillac, Saab (automobile), Ford Escort (North America)#Second generation (1991-1996), Tyler Chicken,
Specialized Bicycles, BMW, Volvo, Toyota, Tupperware, Calvin Klein, Klein Bicycles, Ovaltine, Arby's,
TV Guide,
Trump Tower, the board games
Risk (game),
Boggle,
Trivial Pursuit, Scrabble, and Battleship,
Entenmann's and the
J. Peterman clothing catalog. The computers in Jerry's apartment are always
Apple Computer; the featured model changed every few seasons to reflect Apple's latest offerings. Also seen throughout the show's run were many different brands of cereal.
One product placement, for Snapple, was inserted as a parody of product placement; when offered some by Elaine in the middle of a conversation, the character Babu Bhatt's (owner of a Pakistani restaurant named as "Dream Cafe") brother declines, calling the drink "too fruity."
The show's creators claim that they were not engaging in a product placement strategy for commercial gain. One of the motivations for the use of real-world products, quite unrelated to commercial considerations, is the comedy value of funny-sounding phrases and words. "I knew I wanted Kramer to think of watching the operation like going to see a movie," explained Seinfeld writer/producer Andy Robin in an interview published in the Hollywood Reporter. "At first, I thought maybe a piece of popcorn falls into the patient. I ran that by my brother, and he said, 'No, Junior Mints are just funnier.'"
Nevertheless, Seinfeld is widely credited by marketers and advertisers with effecting a change in attitude toward product placement in US primetime TV shows. Product placement became more common in TV shows after Seinfeld demonstrated that a successful show could work specific products into its plots and dialogue.
Although not exactly product placement but of a fanboyism as Jerry, himself a real life collector, several episodes feature a
Porsche-themed painting (depicting a 904 GTS race car competing in the 1964 Targa Florio race in Italy, which it won) on a wall in Seinfeld's apartment. An issue of Excellence magazine, a Porsche-centered publication, is also featured prominently on an outdoor magazine rack. Similarly, the episode
The Pledge Drive takes place at the real-life public television station WNET.
Two other types of advertising also capitalized on
Seinfeld. One is a "Webisode", a reverse form of product placement. In this form, instead of inserting its product into an episode,
American Express "inserted" Jerry Seinfeld and an animated Superman (voiced by
Patrick Warburton, who also acted on the show, playing the role of David Puddy) into its commercial. The second type is the commercial use of the show's actors, such as Jason Alexander in a
Chrysler commercial. In this type, which ran after the series ended, Alexander behaves much like his character George, and his relationship with
Lee Iacocca plays on his George's relationship with George Steinbrenner. Similarly, Michael Richards was the focus of a series of advertisements for Vodafone which ran in Australia where he dressed and behaved exactly like Kramer, including the trademark bumbling pratfalls.
In addition to placement of actual products, repeated mention and use of the fictional Hennigan's whiskey was inserted throughout the series. With the exception a few notable episodes (and then usually relating to Elaine or her current beau), alcohol was typically absent from consumption or mention.
Music
A signature of
Seinfeld is its theme music: distinct solo sampled
bass guitar riffs which open the show and connect the scenes, often accompanied by a "percussion track" composed of mouth noises, such as pops and clicks.
These short riffs were composed by
Jonathan Wolff (musician) and are considered groundbreaking in their use as sitcom music.
Seinfeld lacked a traditional title track and the riffs were played over the first moments of dialogue or action. They vary throughout each episode and are played in an improvised funk style with slap bass. An additional musical theme with an ensemble, led by a synthesized mid-range brass instrument, ends each episode.
In the first episode of Season Three, the bumper music also featured a
scatting female jazz vocalist. However, this was featured for only that one show. In the final three seasons (7, 8, and 9), the bits were tweaked slightly to give them more frenetic rhythms and the occasional hint of guitar.
Non-original music featured in the show:
See also
References
- Fretts, Bruce. The Entertainment Weekly Seinfeld Companion. New York: Warner Books. 1993. ISBN 0-446-67036-7.
- Dawson, Ryan (2006). "Seinfeld: a show about something" Cambridge University.
- William Irwin (Ed.). Seinfeld and Philosophy: A Book about Everything and Nothing. Peru, Illinois: Open Court Publishing Company. 1999. ISBN 0-8126-9409-0.
- Gantz, Katherine. "Not That There's Anything Wrong with That": Reading the Queer in Seinfeld. In Calvin Thomas (Ed.). Straight with a Twist: Queer Theory and the Subject of Heterosexuality. Champaign. Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06813-0.
- Gattuso, Greg. The Seinfeld Universe: The Entire Domain. New York: Citadel Press. 1996. ISBN 0-8065-2001-9.
- Robin, Andy (April 28, 2005). 'Junior Mints are just funnier'
- Rosenthal, Phil (November 18, 2004). Gold, Jerry! Gold! Chicago Sun Times.
- Seinfeld, Jerry. Sein Language. Bantam. 1993. ISBN 0-553-09606-0.
- Weaver, D.T. & Oliver, M.B. (2000) Summary of the paper, "Television Programs and Advertising: Measuring the Effectiveness of Product Placement Within Seinfeld".
External links
- Seinfeld.com, the Official Site from Sony Pictures Television
-
- Seinfeld episodes online, Full-length streaming episodes
-
- Seinfeld Blog
- Seinfeld Trivia Quiz - Extremely popular, difficult trivia quiz about Seinfeld
- SeinFAQ—The Unofficial Seinfeld FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
- Seinfeld episodes at TV.com
- SeinfeldChronicles.com—includes all 180 scripts
- SeinfeldScripts.com—includes all scripts
- Seinfeld Quiz—Seinfeld Trivia questions
- Seinfeld Behind The Scenes and Trivia
This page is about the sitcom. For other meanings, see Seinfeld (disambiguation).
{{Infobox Television | | show_name = Seinfeld |
| image = ]|
| format = [Situation comedy |
| runtime = 21 Minutes (syndication),22 Minutes (original) |
| creator = [Larry David
[Jerry Seinfeld |
| starring = [Jerry Seinfeld
[Jason Alexander
[Julia Louis-Dreyfus
[Michael Richards |
| executive_producer = [Fred Barron
[Larry David
[Ben A. Scott
[Howard West
[George Shapiro
[Andrew Scheinman
[Jerry Seinfeld (Seasons 8-9)
| country = {{USA-->
| network = [NBC |
| first_aired = July 5, [ |
| last_aired =
May 14, [ |
num_episodes = [List of Seinfeld episodes (including two-part episodes)
| website = http://www.seinfeld.com/
| imdb_id = 0098904 |
| tv_com_id = 112 |
|-->
Seinfeld is an
Emmy Award-winning, United States situation comedy that originally aired on
NBC from
July 5, 1989, to May 14,
1998, running a total of 9 seasons. Many of its catchphrases have entered into the
pop culture lexicon. The show led the Nielsen Ratings in its sixth and ninth seasons, and finished among the top two (along with
ER (TV series)) every year from 1994 to 1998.
The series was created by Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld, with the latter starring as an
eponymous fictionalized version of himself: see Jerry Seinfeld (character). Set predominantly in an apartment block on
New York City's Upper West Side, the show features a host of Jerry's friends and acquaintances, including
George Louis Costanza (Jason Alexander), Elaine Marie Benes (Julia Louis-Dreyfus) and Cosmo Kramer (
Michael Richards).
Seinfeld was produced by
Castle Rock Entertainment, (which Warner Bros. owns), and distributed by
Columbia Pictures Television and
Columbia TriStar Television (now Sony Pictures Television).
Seinfeld was largely co-written by David and Seinfeld, with later input from numerous script writers, including Larry Charles, Peter Mehlman, Gregg Kavet, Andy Robin, Carol Leifer,
David Mandel, Jeff Schaffer,
Steve Koren,
Jennifer Crittenden,
Tom Gammill and Max Pross, Charlie Rubin, Alec Berg and
Spike Feresten. In 2002,
TV Guide named
Seinfeld as the greatest American television program of all time.
Overview
Seinfeld was pitched, like the self-parodying "show within a show" of season four, as a "show about nothing". It is a show about four friends and their misadventures in the upper west side of Manhattan.
Seinfeld stood out from the typical family- or coworker-driven TV Situation comedys of its time. None of the principal
Seinfeld characters were related by blood or worked together. Unlike most sitcoms, its episodes didn't revolve around central dramatic events or contrived comic situations; instead, the plots focused on real life
minutiae—such as waiting in line at the movies, going out for dinner, or buying a suit.
, a diner at 112th St. and
Broadway (New York City) in Manhattan, referred to as
Monk's Cafe in the show. Google Street View Starting in the first season, the show would begin with clips of Jerry Seinfeld delivering a stand-up comedy routine, set in a club. The theme of his act tied to the plot of each episode. This device sometimes revealed where Jerry got his material and deliberately blurred the distinction between the Jerry Seinfeld actor and his character, the fictional comedian. (Some episodes do suggest that he does play his fictional self while doing his comedy.) Originally, the clips bookended the episodes, as well as functioning as cutscenes during the show. After season three, the cutscenes in the middle of the episodes became less common; after season five, the clips that ended the shows also became less common; and after season seven, the clips were discontinued. The show's main characters, and many secondary or one-shot characters, were modeled after Seinfeld's and David's real-life acquaintances. Other recurring characters were based on well-known, real-life counterparts, such as the The Soup Nazi#The Soup Nazi (based on Soup Kitchen International manager Al Yeganeh), Jacopo Peterman of the J. Peterman catalogue (nominally based on John Peterman), and New York Yankees owner
George Steinbrenner.
In most
Seinfeld episodes, one story thread is presented at the beginning, involving the characters in separate and unrelated situations. Rapid scene shifts between story lines move the action forward. Eventually, some or all of the separate story lines converge—often unexpectedly. Despite the separate plot strands, the narratives reveal "consistent efforts to maintain intimacy" between the small cast of characters.
The show kept a strong sense of
continuity (fiction)—characters and plots from past episodes were frequently referenced or expanded upon. Occasionally, storylines would span multiple episodes and even entire seasons. Larry David, the show's head writer and executive producer for the first seven seasons, was celebrated for keeping a close eye on minor details and making sure the main characters' lives remained consistent and believable. He would later make use of season-long story arcs in his next series,
Curb Your Enthusiasm.
The show stood apart from other sitcoms of the time for not centering on the characters learning moral lessons. In effect, the characters are often morally indifferent or callous, though nonetheless hilarious. For instance, in the episode "The Sponge" Jerry worries that the woman he is dating is "too good".
Seinfeld never explored dramatic themes in episodes, despite the often tragic events that occurred, including the deaths of characters.
Jason Alexander has stated that he felt that
Seinfeld was a very dark show about very dark people, but done with such a likable cast, makes the show almost light-hearted.
Main characters
- Jerry Seinfeld (character) (Jerry Seinfeld)—Jerry is the show's "passive central player". He is "able to observe the chaos around him but not always be a part of it." In the show, Jerry made a living as a stand-up comedian. Plot lines often involve List of Seinfeld girlfriends—he typically found "stupid reasons to break up" with women. According to Elaine, this happened "every week". While seemingly the normal one, his character's neuroses revealed itself in his obsessive cleanliness and steadfast immaturity.
- George Costanza (Jason Alexander)—Based on the series' co-creator, Larry David, George is neurotic and self-loathing. Paranoid, selfish, abrasive, frugal, a flagrant coward, and an expert liar, George was once succinctly described by Elaine as a "short, stocky, slow-witted, bald man." George is arguably the show's most amoral character while still being one of its most lovable. He has been best friends with Jerry since middle school.
- Elaine Benes (Julia Louis-Dreyfus)—Intelligent and assertive, but superficial and short-tempered, Elaine is frequently fate's victim. She often gets caught up in her boyfriends' machinations, her eccentric employers' arbitrary demands, and the unkindness of total strangers. She used to date Jerry, and remained his close friend. One of Elaine's trademark maneuvers is her forceful shove when she got good or shocking news, sometimes using the catch phrase "get out!". She is seen as the intellectual stronghold of the group of friends.
- Cosmo Kramer (Michael Richards)—Kramer was the archetypal "wacky neighbor" and Jerry's friend. His trademarks include: his humorous upright bouffant hairstyle and vintage wardrobe; his energetic sliding bursts through Jerry's apartment door; his assortment of comic pratfalls; and his penchant for nonsensical, percussive outbursts of noise to indicate alarm, scepticism, agreement, or annoyance. Elaine summed him up as a 'hipster doofus'. He never seems to have held a 'real' job, yet he has a stable unknown source of income. Although Kramer was one of the show's more fascinating characters, he is the only one who never got an internal monologue, possibly because he was the only one who always spoke his mind.
Minor characters
There were numerous recurring minor characters in
Seinfeld. The most prominent were:
- Newman (Seinfeld) (played by Wayne Knight)—An overweight postal worker who serves as Kramer's accomplice and Jerry's nemesis, Newman was a neighbor of both (Apartment 5E) and noted for his excessive overeating. In a running parody of two, bitter, film noir adversaries, when Jerry and Newman met, Jerry typically scowled and quipped, "Hello, Newman"—and Newman responded with a devilish smirk and "Hello, Jerry." In some episodes, Newman went out of his way to make Jerry's life miserable. Although most of the characters are shy of morals, Newman is considered to be the real villain of the series. His first name is never revealed. He was the most frequently recurring male character from his first appearance in the show's third season, all the way through the last episode.
- Susan Ross (played by Heidi Swedberg)—George's (late) fiancée and a former NBC executive. She also briefly experimented with lesbianism. She tried to fit in with Elaine and her friends but couldn't deal with their overbearing chatter. She constantly questioned George and Elaine about whether or not they had an affair. She died from envelope glue poisoning. She was the most frequently recurring female character in Seasons 4 and 7, and had a cameo role in the season 9 episode titled "The Betrayal," the backwards episode.
- Frank Costanza (originally played by John Randolph (actor) but most commonly played by Jerry Stiller) and Estelle Costanza (played by Estelle Harris)—George's eccentric parents. George credited them with his current mental state and failure to succeed in life. They are known for their violent tempers, often leading to yelling. George's parents are seen from Season 4 to Season 9.
- Morty Seinfeld (originally played by Phil Bruns, but most commonly played by Barney Martin) and Helen Seinfeld (played by Liz Sheridan)—Jerry's parents. Morty was famous for obstinately sticking to his convictions; Helen couldn't understand why anyone wouldn't like her son Jerry. They were convinced of Jerry's poverty and never let him pay for anything. (Morty once tried to pay for Jerry's dinner, despite the fact that he didn't have his wallet.) These two characters are thought to be based on Jerry Seinfeld's parents. They can be seen in all seasons on occasions.
- Uncle Leo (played by Len Lesser)—Jerry's uncle and Helen's brother. He personified the eccentric old man and frequently belittled Jerry with comparisons to his own purportedly successful son. He usually greeted Jerry by saying, "Jerry! Hellooo!", while Jerry responded awkwardly, "Hello Uncle Leo...". He is seen in Seasons 2 to Seasons 9 on occasions.
- David Puddy (played by Patrick Warburton)—Elaine's on-again-off-again boyfriend. He was a competent auto mechanic, but also an airhead with numerous quirks. He is known for his short, unapologetic delivery and unflinching assuredness. He can be seen in Seasons 6 and 9.
- Jacopo Peterman (played by John O'Hurley)—One of Elaine's eccentric bosses. Peterman owned the The J. Peterman Company apparel company, whose catalog Elaine worked on. Using the florid style of a treasure hunter, he typically rambled about his journeys to exotic locations in search of unique clothing. He can be seen in Season 6 to 9.
- George Steinbrenner (voiced by Larry David, played by Lee Bear, who was only ever seen from behind)—George's boss and owner of the New York Yankees. Steinbrenner's face was never shown. He was parodied for his arrogance and lack of touch with the realities of running of a baseball team. In edited scenes, the real George Steinbrenner made a cameo appearance and went out with Elaine. The scenes were cut due to time and can be seen in the 7th season DVD. He can be seen in the finale of Season 5 to 9.
- Jackie Chiles (played by Phil Morris)—Kramer's lawyer. He had a secretary named Suzy and set up appointments for his clients with an unseen "Dr. Bison." He also spoke with a rapid fire delivery and tended to overuse adjectives like 'preposterous' and 'outrageous'. Chiles was a caricature of the late Johnnie Cochran. He can be seen in Seasons 7 to 9.
Plot
Seinfeld violated several of the conventions of mainstream television. The show, which (correctly or not) is often described as "about nothing", became the first television series since
Monty Python to be widely described as postmodern. Several elements of
Seinfeld fit in with a postmodern interpretation. The show typically is driven humorously by dispersed superficial conflict and characters with strange dispositions.
The characters were "thirty-something singles ... with no roots, vague identities, and conscious indifference to morals." Usual conventions, such as isolating the characters from the actors playing them and separating the characters' world from that of the actors and audience, were broken. One example is the story arc in which the characters promote a television sitcom series named
Jerry.
Jerry was much like
Seinfeld in that Seinfeld played himself, and that the show was "about nothing".
Jerry was launched in the 1993 season four finale, though unlike
Seinfeld, it was not picked up into a series.
Many episodes revolved around the characters becoming involved in the lives of others to typically disastrous results. However, regardless of the damage they caused, they never gained anything from the experience and continued to be selfish, egocentric people. On the set, the notion that the characters should not develop or improve throughout the series was expressed as the "no hugging, no learning" rule. This quote is almost referenced in an episode ("
The Secret Code") where Kramer says to Jerry, "Well the important thing is, you learned something", to which Jerry replies, "No I didn't."
The
Seinfeld community can draw on a large amount of in-slang, "a lexicon of Running gags in Seinfeld, that evolved around particular episodes".
Evolution
Seasons 1-3: The early years
The show premiered as
The Seinfeld Chronicles on Thursday,
May 31,
1990 on
National Broadcasting Corporation. The show was not an immediate success. After the
television pilot was shown, on
July 5,
1989, a pickup by the NBC network did not seem likely and the show was actually offered to Fox Broadcasting Company, which declined to pick it up. However, Rick Ludwin, head of late night and special events for NBC, diverted money from his budget, and the next four episodes: "Male-Unbonding (Seinfeld episode)," "The Stakeout (Seinfeld episode)," "
The Robbery (Seinfeld episode)," and "The Stock Tip (Seinfeld episode)" were filmed. These 1990 episodes were highly-rated as they followed
Cheers on Thursdays at 9:30. At one point,
National Broadcasting Corporation considered airing these episodes on Saturdays at 10:30 but fortunately gave that slot to the short-lived sitcom,
FM (TV series).
Seinfeld was championed by television critics in its early seasons, even as it had yet to cultivate a substantial audience. (Most don't remember the "top five" rankings of the 1990 summer episodes.) The series was generally seen as steadily improving over the course of its first four seasons. Although the first three seasons weren't popular during their original airings, through syndication and DVD releases they contain arguably some of the most popular episodes, such as "The Chinese Restaurant (Seinfeld episode)", "
The Revenge (Seinfeld episode)", "
The Phone Message", "The Pony Remark", "
The Parking Garage", "The Tape", "The Red Dot", "The Stranded","The Subway (Seinfeld episode)", "
The Deal (Seinfeld episode)", "The Pez Dispenser", and "
The Boyfriend.". The early episodes tend to be more realistic than the later ones, dealing with the minutiae of daily life, such as getting stuck on the subway or in a Chinese restaurant.
Seasons 4-5: Seinfeld's prime
Season 4 marked the sitcom's entrance into the
Nielsen Ratings Top 30, coinciding with a handful of high-profile episodes, such as "The Bubble Boy (Seinfeld episode)", "
The Outing","
The Airport", and "The Junior Mint". This was also the first season to use a story arc, which was Jerry and George creating their own sitcom,
Jerry.
Much publicity followed the controversial "
The Contest", an Emmy Award-winning episode written by co-creator Larry David, whose subject matter (
masturbation) was considered inappropriate for primetime network television. To circumvent this taboo, the word "masturbation" was never used in the script itself, instead substituted by a variety of oblique references. Midway through that season
Seinfeld was moved from its original 9 p.m. time slot on Wednesdays to 9:30 p.m. on Thursdays, following
Cheers (TV series), which gave the show even more popularity. The show won the Emmy Award for
Outstanding Comedy Series in 1993, beating out its family-oriented competitor Home Improvement, which at the time was a big hit for NBC's rival American Broadcasting Company.
Season 5 was also a hit season as it contained many popular episodes such as "The Mango", "
The Puffy Shirt", "
The Lip Reader (Seinfeld episode)", "The Marine Biologist", "
The Hamptons (Seinfeld episode)", "The Opposite" and many more. Another story arc was used where George returns to live with his parents for the entire season. This was also the first season to be shown on the 9 p.m. time slot on Thursdays, replacing
Cheers. The show was again nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series, but lost to the Cheers spin-off Frasier, which was only in its first season. Seinfeld was nominated for the same award every year for the rest of its run but would keep losing to Frasier.
Seasons 6-7: Maintaining the top
Season 6 found the show changing directors (
Andy Ackerman replacing Tom Cherones) and quickening its pace, to the displeasure of some. Even so, the series remained well-regarded and produced some of its most famous shows, such as "
The Fusilli Jerry (Seinfeld episode)", "The Chinese Woman", "The Jimmy (Seinfeld episode)", "
The Face Painter (Seinfeld episode)", and "
The Switch" which finally revealed Kramer's first name, Cosmo. A story arc for this season was Elaine working for the eccentric Mr. Justin Pitt. This was also the first season in which
Seinfeld landed at #1 on the Nielsen ratings.
Season 7 was according to the cast, crew and many critics, when the series fully returned to form. Another story arc was introduced in which George became engaged to former girlfriend Susan Ross, whose life he had derailed a few seasons back. He spends most of the season regretting the engagement and trying to get out of it. Garnering its highest ratings yet,
Seinfeld went on to produce some of its most famous episodes—namely "The Soup Nazi (Seinfeld episode)". There was also "
The Hot Tub", "
The Maestro", "The Secret Code", "
The Calzone", "
The Sponge (Seinfeld episode)", "
The Wig Master", "The Invitations", and "The Rye (Seinfeld episode)".
Seasons 8-9: Without Larry David
The show's ratings were still going very strong in its final two seasons (8 and 9), but its critical standing suffered. Larry David left at the end of season 7, although he continued to voice Steinbrenner, so Seinfeld assumed David's duties as showrunner, and, under the direction of a new writing staff,
Seinfeld became more of a fast-paced, absurdist show. The humor began to rely heavily on
slapstick, and storylines occasionally delved into pure fantasy like "
The Bizarro Jerry" when Elaine is torn between exact opposites of her friends. Still, the eighth season episodes remain strong; some notable episodes are "
The Little Kicks" showing Elaine's horrible dancing, "The Yada Yada" "The Chicken Roaster", "The Pothole", "
The Comeback", and "
The Muffin Tops".
As in season 8, season 9 storylines also occasionally delved into pure fantasy, such as George re-creating the
Frogger gameplay in "The Frogger." Season 9 includes many favorites, such as "
The Merv Griffin Show (Seinfeld episode)", "
The Dealership", "The Slicer", "
The Betrayal" (the backwards episode), "The Puerto Rican Day" and "The Finale".
Ending
in 1998.
Hype
After nine years on the air, Jerry Seinfeld announced on
December 26,
1997, that the series would end production the following spring. The announcement made the front page of all the major New York newspapers, including the
New York Times. Jerry Seinfeld was even featured on the cover of
Time (magazine) magazine's first issue of 1998.
The series ended with a 75-minute episode (cut down to 60 minutes in syndication, in two parts) written by returning co-creator and former executive producer Larry David, which aired on May 14, 1998. Before the finale a one-hour retrospective and clip show aired which included memorable scenes from the show's past nine seasons.
It also was the first episode since the seventh season to feature opening and closing stand-up acts by Jerry Seinfeld. The finale was filmed in front of an audience of NBC executives and additional friends of the show. The press and the public were shut out of the filming for the sake of keeping its plot secret, and all who attended the finale signed written "vows of silence". The secrecy only seemed to increase speculation on how the series would end. Some suggested Jerry and Elaine would marry, and more cynical fans favored Julia Louis-Dreyfus's suggestion that the foursome die in a car accident after all their wishes come true. The producers of the show tweaked the media about the hype, spreading a false rumor about Newman ending up in the hospital and Jerry and Elaine sitting in a chapel, presumably to marry.
The episode aired on the same day that Frank Sinatra died, and its airing may have been somewhat overshadowed by this event, but nonetheless it enjoyed a huge audience (
see List of most-watched television episodes), estimated at 76 million viewers (58% of all viewers that night). This makes the episode the third most watched finale in television history, but received mixed reviews from both critics and fans of the show. The actual finale poked fun at the many rumors that were circulating, seeming to move into several supposed plots before settling on its true storyline—a lengthy trial in which Jerry, George, Elaine and Kramer are prosecuted for lack of humanity, and are sentenced to one year in jail. The last conversation in this final episode repeats the very first conversation from the pilot episode, discussing the positioning of a button on George's shirt. In the finale, the characters vaguely recall having the conversation before.
Jerry Seinfeld holds both the record for the "most money refused" according to the
Guinness Book of World Records by refusing an offer to continue the show for $5 million per episode, and another record for the Highest Ever Annual Earnings For A TV Actor. The show itself held the record for the Highest Television Advertising Rates until 2004, when the final episode of
Friends aired.
Awards
The show topped TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time in 2002, was #2 in Entertainment Weekly's 100 Greatest TV Shows of all Time, and placed two characters in TV Guide's List of the 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time (George at #10, Kramer at #35) in 1999. The four members of the main cast shared the #6 position on A&E Network's all-time TV character list. It was so influential in the '90s popular culture, it came in first in E!'s 2004 countdown of
101 Reasons the '90s Ruled. For its impact, the show won countless awards throughout the decade, winning 10 Emmy Awards and being nominated every year of its run. In January 2006 Britain's
Channel 4 polled British comedians, TV critics, comedy actors and sitcom writers to find the 'Ultimate Sitcom'.
Seinfeld came in 3rd, showing its high regard overseas. In 2007, the show was featured on TIME magazine's list of the "100 Best TV Shows of All Time."
DVD releases
In 2004, a deal was negotiated to make
Seinfeld available on DVD for the first time. Due to legal problems with the cast involving episode commentaries and other DVD extras, the release was pushed back. The first three seasons were released on
November 23, 2004 and Season 4 was released on May 17, 2005. Season 5 and Season 6 were released on
November 22, 2005. Season 7 was released on November 21, 2006 and Season 8 was released on June 5,
2007. Season 9 is going to be released on November 6,
2007.
Life after Seinfeld
The "
Seinfeld curse"
Alexander, Dreyfus and Richards have attempted unsuccessfully to launch new sitcoms as title-role characters. Despite decent acclaim and even some respectable ratings, almost every show was canceled quickly, usually within the first season. This has given rise to the term "
Seinfeld curse" to describe sitcom failure by an actor following massive success on an ensemble show. Shows specifically cited regarding the
Seinfeld curse are
Jason Alexander's
Bob Patterson (TV series) and
Listen Up!,
Michael Richards'
The Michael Richards Show, and
Julia Louis-Dreyfus'
Watching Ellie. This phenomenon was mocked in Larry David's hit HBO show
Curb Your Enthusiasm, in which Larry David brings up the idea to Jason Alexander that he should do a show about Alexander's inability to shake the 'George' title in order to move on with his career. When David and Alexander begin feuding in the show, Larry David takes the idea to Julia Louis-Dreyfus. They plan to begin working on a show called "Aren't you Evelyn?" but after Larry David blows their chances with every network they meet, Julia gets sick of wasting her time and bows out of the idea.
Since the end of the program, Alexander has acted in film, theater and television, including guest appearances on Larry David's HBO series
Curb Your Enthusiasm. Louis-Dreyfus also appeared on "
Curb" and has received on-screen and voice credits in television (such as
Arrested Development (TV series)) and animated film. Louis-Dreyfus is starring in the
CBS sitcom
The New Adventures of Old Christine, which debuted in March 2006 to strong ratings and has been consistent ever since. The show was also renewed for a second season. Its 35 episodes make it the longest running show starring a
Seinfeld alumnus since
Seinfeld ended. Louis-Dreyfus also received an Emmy Award for lead actress in a comedy series for her role as Christine. In her acceptance speech, Louis-Dreyfus held up her award and exclaimed, "I’m not somebody who really believes in curses, but curse this, baby!" The "
Seinfeld curse" was discussed in the opening of
Saturday Night Live episode on May 13, 2006, hosted by Louis-Dreyfus. The show was also renewed for its third season, and will return as a
midseason replacement, through the 2007-08 season. Alexander and Seinfeld also appeared in this episode of
SNL. Richards continues to appear in new film and television work as well. In November 2006, controversy arose concerning
List of ethnic slurss Richards shouted at black hecklers during a live comedy show. He apologized for his statements a few days later by means of a telecast on David Letterman's talkshow on the request of Jerry Seinfeld.
"It's so completely idiotic.... It's very hard to have a successful sitcom," Larry David once said of the curse. Most new sitcoms do not enjoy the success of hits like
Seinfeld, though David's
Curb Your Enthusiasm went on to win Emmy Awards; the series relied on his signature humor, embodied in the
Seinfeld character of George.
Patrick Warburton, who played David Puddy, was also hit by the curse when his superhero-themed show,
The Tick, was canceled after just one season. However, he has found success in voice acting. His repertoire includes the voice of
Joe Swanson in
Family Guy, the title character of
Buzz Lightyear of Star Command,
Steve Barkin in
Kim Possible, the Wolf in
Hoodwinked, and Kronk in
The Emperor's New Groove,
Kronk's New Groove, and the
The Emperor's New School. Lately, he can be seen on ABC's show
Less Than Perfect as Jeb Denton, and on Adult Swim's
The Venture Brothers as Brock Samson. Since
February 5,
2007 he stars in a new series,
Rules of Engagement (TV series).
Consumer products
A recurring feature of
Seinfeld was its use of specific products, especially
candy, as plot points. These might be a central feature of a plot (e.g.
Junior Mints,
Twix, Jujyfruits, Snickers, Nestlé Chunky, Oh Henry! and PEZ), or an association of a candy with a guest character (e.g. Oh Henry! bars), or simply a conversational aside (e.g.
Chuckles). Non-candy products featured in
Seinfeld include
Rold Gold (whose advertisements at the time featured Jason Alexander), Kenny Rogers Roasters (a chicken restaurant chain),
Oreo Cookies, Ben & Jerry's,
H&H Bagels,
Drake's,
Pepsi, Mello Yello,
Bosco Chocolate Syrup,
Cadillac,
Saab (automobile),
Ford Escort (North America)#Second generation (1991-1996),
Tyler Chicken, Specialized Bicycles, BMW, Volvo, Toyota, Tupperware, Calvin Klein, Klein Bicycles, Ovaltine, Arby's, TV Guide,
Trump Tower, the board games Risk (game),
Boggle, Trivial Pursuit, Scrabble, and
Battleship,
Entenmann's and the
J. Peterman clothing catalog. The computers in Jerry's apartment are always Apple Computer; the featured model changed every few seasons to reflect Apple's latest offerings. Also seen throughout the show's run were many different brands of cereal.
One product placement, for Snapple, was inserted as a parody of product placement; when offered some by Elaine in the middle of a conversation, the character Babu Bhatt's (owner of a
Pakistani restaurant named as "Dream Cafe") brother declines, calling the drink "too fruity."
The show's creators claim that they were not engaging in a product placement strategy for commercial gain. One of the motivations for the use of real-world products, quite unrelated to commercial considerations, is the comedy value of funny-sounding phrases and words. "I knew I wanted Kramer to think of watching the operation like going to see a movie," explained Seinfeld writer/producer Andy Robin in an interview published in the Hollywood Reporter. "At first, I thought maybe a piece of popcorn falls into the patient. I ran that by my brother, and he said, 'No, Junior Mints are just funnier.'"
Nevertheless, Seinfeld is widely credited by marketers and advertisers with effecting a change in attitude toward product placement in US primetime TV shows. Product placement became more common in TV shows after Seinfeld demonstrated that a successful show could work specific products into its plots and dialogue.
Although not exactly product placement but of a fanboyism as Jerry, himself a real life collector, several episodes feature a Porsche-themed painting (depicting a 904 GTS race car competing in the 1964 Targa Florio race in Italy, which it won) on a wall in Seinfeld's apartment. An issue of Excellence magazine, a Porsche-centered publication, is also featured prominently on an outdoor magazine rack. Similarly, the episode
The Pledge Drive takes place at the real-life public television station
WNET.
Two other types of advertising also capitalized on
Seinfeld. One is a "Webisode", a reverse form of product placement. In this form, instead of inserting its product into an episode,
American Express "inserted" Jerry Seinfeld and an animated Superman (voiced by
Patrick Warburton, who also acted on the show, playing the role of David Puddy) into its commercial. The second type is the commercial use of the show's actors, such as Jason Alexander in a
Chrysler commercial. In this type, which ran after the series ended, Alexander behaves much like his character George, and his relationship with
Lee Iacocca plays on his George's relationship with George Steinbrenner. Similarly, Michael Richards was the focus of a series of advertisements for
Vodafone which ran in Australia where he dressed and behaved exactly like Kramer, including the trademark bumbling pratfalls.
In addition to placement of actual products, repeated mention and use of the fictional Hennigan's whiskey was inserted throughout the series. With the exception a few notable episodes (and then usually relating to Elaine or her current beau), alcohol was typically absent from consumption or mention.
Music
A signature of
Seinfeld is its theme music: distinct solo sampled bass guitar riffs which open the show and connect the scenes, often accompanied by a "percussion track" composed of mouth noises, such as pops and clicks.
These short riffs were composed by
Jonathan Wolff (musician) and are considered groundbreaking in their use as sitcom music.
Seinfeld lacked a traditional title track and the riffs were played over the first moments of dialogue or action. They vary throughout each episode and are played in an improvised funk style with slap bass. An additional musical theme with an ensemble, led by a synthesized mid-range brass instrument, ends each episode.
In the first episode of Season Three, the bumper music also featured a
scatting female jazz vocalist. However, this was featured for only that one show. In the final three seasons (7, 8, and 9), the bits were tweaked slightly to give them more frenetic rhythms and the occasional hint of guitar.
Non-original music featured in the show:
See also
- Must See TV
- List of Seinfeld episodes
- List of Seinfeld girlfriends
References
- Fretts, Bruce. The Entertainment Weekly Seinfeld Companion. New York: Warner Books. 1993. ISBN 0-446-67036-7.
- Dawson, Ryan (2006). "Seinfeld: a show about something" Cambridge University.
- William Irwin (Ed.). Seinfeld and Philosophy: A Book about Everything and Nothing. Peru, Illinois: Open Court Publishing Company. 1999. ISBN 0-8126-9409-0.
- Gantz, Katherine. "Not That There's Anything Wrong with That": Reading the Queer in Seinfeld. In Calvin Thomas (Ed.). Straight with a Twist: Queer Theory and the Subject of Heterosexuality. Champaign. Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06813-0.
- Gattuso, Greg. The Seinfeld Universe: The Entire Domain. New York: Citadel Press. 1996. ISBN 0-8065-2001-9.
- Robin, Andy (April 28, 2005). 'Junior Mints are just funnier'
- Rosenthal, Phil (November 18, 2004). Gold, Jerry! Gold! Chicago Sun Times.
- Seinfeld, Jerry. Sein Language. Bantam. 1993. ISBN 0-553-09606-0.
- Weaver, D.T. & Oliver, M.B. (2000) Summary of the paper, "Television Programs and Advertising: Measuring the Effectiveness of Product Placement Within Seinfeld".
External links
- Seinfeld.com, the Official Site from Sony Pictures Television
-
- Seinfeld episodes online, Full-length streaming episodes
-
- Seinfeld Blog
- Seinfeld Trivia Quiz - Extremely popular, difficult trivia quiz about Seinfeld
- SeinFAQ—The Unofficial Seinfeld FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
- Seinfeld episodes at TV.com
- SeinfeldChronicles.com—includes all 180 scripts
- SeinfeldScripts.com—includes all scripts
- Seinfeld Quiz—Seinfeld Trivia questions
- Seinfeld Behind The Scenes and Trivia
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Seinfeld is an Emmy Award-winning American situation comedy that originally aired on NBC from July 5, 1989 to May 14, 1998, lasting nine seasons. Many of its catchphrases have ...
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Official site features show and star information, audio and video clips, pictures, live chat and online store from Columbia TriStar.
Jerry Seinfeld - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jerome Allen "Jerry" Seinfeld (born on April 29, 1954 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American comedian, actor and writer. He is often described as an observational comedian.
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Showbiz, TV, entertainment and media discussion around the clock. ... Date of Birth: July 18, 1985 Age: 23 Location: Greenock,Scotland Services: Sky,NtlBroadband,Freeview